Resumo Cyclospora cayetanensis é um coccídio intestinal relacionado com surtos epidêmicos devido ao consumo de alimentos e água contaminados com oocistos esporulados. Predomina nas regiões tropicais e subtropicais e pode provocar sintomas gastrointestinais mais graves em pacientes imunodeprimidos, nos quais pode causar infecções extraintestinais. O diagnóstico é feito através da observação microscópica de oocistos com tamanho entre 8 e 10 mícrons, refringentes e com glóbulos internos. O diagnóstico é confirmado com coloração ácido-resistente; os oocistos são tingidos de cor fúcsia e eles têm a capacidade de auto-fluorescer. Este relatório descreve o diagnóstico de Cyclospora cayetanensis em um paciente imunodeprimido, nativo do Peru, atualmente residindo em um bairro vulnerável da cidade de Buenos Aires. Este relatório representaria o sexto caso diagnosticado na Argentina.

Abstract Cyclospora cayetanensis is an intestinal coccidium related to epidemic outbreaks due to consumption of food and water contaminated with sporulated oocysts. It predominates in tropical and subtropical regions and may cause gastrointestinal symptoms which are more severe in immunocompromised patients, to whom it may cause extraintestinal infections. Diagnosis is made by the microscopic observation of oocysts between 8 and 10 microns in size, with refractile globules inside of them. This diagnosis is confirmed by acid-fast staining where oocysts are observed red-stained. With ultraviolet epifluorescence, they stand out as bright blue or green staining circles. The aim of this report is to communicate the diagnosis of C. cayetanensis in an immunocompromised patient, born in Peru, but currently living in a vulnerable neighbourhood of Buenos Aires city. To our knowledge, this would be the sixth case of C. cayetanensis diagnosed in Argentina.

Resumen Cyclospora cayetanensis es un coccidio intestinal relacionado con brotes epidémicos debido al consumo de alimentos y agua contaminados con ooquistes esporulados. Predomina en regiones tropicales y subtropicales y puede causar síntomas gastrointestinales que son más graves en inmunocomprometidos, en los que puede causar infecciones extraintestinales. El diagnóstico se realiza por la observación microscópica de ooquistes que presentan un tamaño entre 8 y 10 micrones, refringentes y con glóbulos internos. Se confirma con coloración ácido resistente; los ooquistes se tiñen de color fucsia y tienen la capacidad de autofluorescer. En este informe se describe el diagnóstico de Cyclospora cayetanensis en un paciente inmunocomprometido, oriundo de Perú, que reside actualmente en un barrio vulnerable de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Este informe representaría el sexto caso diagnosticado en la Argentina.

La anisakiosis es una parasitosis causada por larvas de Anisakis spp., Pseudoterranova spp., Contracaecum spp. e Hysterothylacium spp. La infección es endémica en Japón, España, Holanda, Inglaterra, Escandinavia y la zona costera del Pacífico de Sudamérica. El hombre se infecta por el consumo de pescado crudo, mal cocido o salado que contiene larvas infectantes en sus tejidos o vísceras. Se presenta el caso de una niña de 9 años residente en la provincia de Buenos Aires, de muy baja condición socioeconómica, que eliminó a través de sus heces una larva de tercer estadío de anisákido. Hasta nuestro conocimiento, éste representaría el primer caso registrado de anisakiosis humana en Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Anisakiosis is a parasitosis produced by Anisakis spp., Pseudoterranova spp., Contracaecum spp. and Hysterothylacium spp. larvae. The infection is endemic in Japan, Spain, Holland, England, Scandinavia and the South America’s Pacific Coast. Man becomes infected after eating raw, incompletely cooked, or salted fish which contains the infecting larvae in their tissues or viscera. We present the case of a 9 year old female child residing in the province of Buenos Aires, with a very low socio-economical level, who eliminated a third stage anisakido larvae with her feces. As far as we know, this would represent the first case of human anisakiosis registered in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Hydatidosis is a parasitic infection caused by the tapeworm larva of Echinococcus spp. Its relevance lies in its wide distribution, great number of clinical cases and outstanding morbility. Hydatid infection of the orbit comprises far less than 1% of the total incidence. This is a case of a patient from Argentina complaining of a two-week evolution proptosis of the right eye. A microscopic examination revealed the presence of protoscolices of Echinococcus spp. in the fluid obtained during the surgical proceedings. The patient was treated with oral albendazole. To our knowledge, this is the first case of occular hydatidosis diagnosed in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

We report an assay for the DNA purification of Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoites by means of a commercially available spin-columns technique from frozen non-formalin-fixed human stool specimens containing high concentrations of DNA -polymerase inhibitors. This method was compared with a phenol/chloroform technique; followed both of them by an amplification assay and an electrophoresis of amplicons. A nested PCR assay was developed to allow the detection of D. fragilis DNA. The DNA extraction from D. fragilis trophozoites using a fast spin-columns procedure, yielded high-quality DNA, free of impurities and enzyme inhibitors; in contrast with the phenol/chloroform technique, where inhibition was observed when the amplification products were analyzed by agarose-gel electrophoresis. Besides, the addition of SAF (sodium acetate-acetic acid-formalin) to faecal specimens, that affects the integrity of DNA and, consequently, hinders its further amplification, was confirmed

Se realizó un estudio de purificación del DNA de los trofozoitos de Dientamoeba fragilis a partir de muestras fecales humanas congeladas, no fijadas en formol, y con elevadas concentraciones de inhibidores de la DNA polimerasa. Para tal fin, se utilizaron columnas ("spin-columns") disponibles en el comercio. Esta metodología se comparó con una técnica tradicional de purificación con fenol/cloroformo. Ambos métodos fueron seguidos de la amplificación del DNA de D. fragilis por una "nested" PCR y posterior electroforesis en un gel de agarosa de los amplicones obtenidos. La extracción del DNA a partir de trofozoitos de D. fragilis - mediante el procedimiento de las columnas - produjo DNA de elevada calidad, libre de impurezas e inhibidores de la polimerasa. Por el contrario, con la técnica de fenol/cloroformo se observó la inhibición de la enzima, cuando se analizaron los productos de amplificación. Además, se confirmó que el agregado de SAF (solución de acetato de sodio - ácido acético - formol) a las muestras fecales afecta la integridad del DNA y como consecuencia impide su posterior amplificación

Diphyllobothriosis is an intestinal parasitosis caused by cestodes of the genus Diphyllobothrium. Scandinavia, the Great Lakes Area in North America, the Andean Patagonia, amongst others, are considered endemic zones of this parasitosis. As far as we know, this report represents the first case of diphyllobothriosis by consumption of sushi in Buenos Aires, Argentina

La difilobotriosis es una parasitosis intestinal causada por cestodes del género Diphy-llobothrium. Son consideradas áreas endémicas de esta parasitosis Escandinavia, zonas de los Grandes Lagos de América del Norte, la Patagonia Andina, entre otras. Este sería, hasta el presente, el primer informe de un caso de difilobotriosis por consumo de sushi en Buenos Aires, Argentina